Enhanced bone regeneration around dental implant with bone morphogenetic protein 2 gene and vascular endothelial growth factor protein delivery

Clin Oral Implants Res. 2012 Apr;23(4):467-73. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2011.02164.x. Epub 2011 Mar 28.

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the synergistic effect of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) on the repair of bone defects around dental implants.

Material and methods: Five groups of scaffold were fabricated by a freeze-drying method, including pure chitosan/collagen scaffold; scaffold loaded with adenoviruses expressing BMP-2, adenoviruses expressing VEGF, both adenoviruses expressing BMP-2 and VEGF, VEGF protein and adenovirus expressing BMP-2. In vitro studies examined whether bone marrow stromal cells were responsive to these scaffolds over time. Bone formation capacity, bone-to-implant contact, as well as removal torque values were investigated in vivo. Differences between the various groups were statistically analyzed using the one-way analysis of variance test.

Results: The in vitro study revealed a burst and rapid release of VEGF with a sustained high-level expression of BMP-2 in scaffold combined with VEGF protein and adenoviruses expressing BMP-2. Histomorphometry demonstrated that scaffolds expressing BMP-2 enhanced more bone formation compared with other groups; VEGF alone is insufficient to promote bone formation. New bone formation in the bone defects around dental implants, bone-to-implant contact and mean peak removal torque showed statistically significant difference for the adenoviral vector encoding human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (Ad-BMP-2) and VEGF protein and adenovirus expressing BMP-2 groups. Furthermore, scaffold combined with VEGF protein and Ad-BMP-2 represented the best outcomes in this model.

Conclusions: A combination of BMP-2 gene and VEGF protein could have a synergistic effect in promoting bone healing.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adenoviridae
  • Alkaline Phosphatase / metabolism
  • Analysis of Variance
  • Animals
  • Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 / genetics
  • Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 / metabolism*
  • Bone Regeneration / drug effects
  • Bone Regeneration / physiology*
  • Cell Proliferation
  • Cells, Cultured
  • Dental Implantation, Endosseous / methods*
  • Dental Implants*
  • Dogs
  • Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
  • Implants, Experimental
  • Microscopy, Confocal
  • Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
  • Surgical Flaps
  • Tissue Scaffolds
  • Torque
  • Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / genetics
  • Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / metabolism*

Substances

  • Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2
  • Dental Implants
  • Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
  • Alkaline Phosphatase